1 )National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Ocean Studies Board, Committee on the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Mississippi Canyon-252 Oil Spill on Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of Mexico. An Ecosystem Services Approach to Assessing the Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico. https://search-ebscohost-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=867971&site=ehost-live
– This text is able to explain how there response to chemical spills and how there are solutions implemented to respond whether those areas are fresh or saltwater. This text also gives insight with methods that can be used to treat set areas that have been affected by chemical spills. One main area that is covered has to be the gulf of mexico and how that brings attention to how things should be treated when it comes to chemical spills. This text also connects to the rest of the sources that are being used for set research
“Dioxin levels were above ambient back- ground concentrations and were similar to a value slightly higher than that associated with residential woodstoves. The risk to workers exposed to dioxins near the burn sites was estimated to be below the level of concern of 1 in 1 million—an EPA risk threshold of one cancer case for every 1 million people exposed. Numerical models (AERMOD) showed air concentrations of dioxins lower onshore than at sea near the burn sites.” (2013)
2 ) Andrew J. Whelton Professor of Civil. (2023, February 23). How dangerous was the Ohio Chemical train derailment? an environmental engineer assesses the long-term risks. The Conversation.
https://theconversation.com/how-dangerous-was-the-ohio-chemical-train-derailment-an-environmental-engineer-assesses-the-long-term-risks-199993
Whelton discusses the possible effects of one of the most recent chemical spills that we have experienced within these last few years. This text discusses the detrimental aspect that can pertain to chemical spills within different bodies of water. This correlates to my main purpose of research regards to different aspects of biological forms whether that is in freshwater or saltwater bodies. This text will be able to connect to others as well.
“At the derailment site in Ohio, workers are already removing contaminated soil as deep as 7 feet (about 2 meters) near where the rail cars burned.” (Whelton, 2023)
3) Yang, Zeyu, et al. “Characterization, Occurrence and Natural Attenuation of Spilled Light Synthetic Crude Oil in a Boreal Freshwater Ecosystem.” Fuel (Guildford), vol. 285, 2021, p. 119276–, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119276.
https://www-sciencedirect-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/science/article/pii/S0016236120322729
– This text discusses the aspects of chemical spills when it comes to different bodies of water. These two consist of whether they are the same way, detrimental, to the environment and how they both have a different outcome when in regards to chemical spills. Also how there is a negative effect not only on marine wildlife but also how that affects us as humans. With the use of water samples and sediment samples we can see the aftermath of what can chemical spills do the disturb the ecosystem.
– “Unlike the open ocean, oil spilled into freshwater often pools in the standing water system, strands along the flowing water bank by clinging to the plants and grasses, or sticking to the rocks [5].” (Yang)
4) Young S. “Do We Really Want to Go Down That Path?”: Abandoning Appalachia and the Elk River Chemical Spill. Social Justice. 2018;45(2/3):93-117 https://search-ebscohost-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=137039927&site=ehost-live
– This text brings out the idea of how to clean drinkable water or in other cases freshwater resources that are affected with chemical spills and other hazardous things that can cause severe health issues and even deaths to humans. It touches upon the idea that how it is always discussed about clean water scarcity to millions of people around the world but here with the U.S we have the same issues. Such issues stemming from chemical spills into drinkable freshwater and how there are thousands upon thousands of people that are left without drinkable water because of such chemical spills.
– “This level of damage in West Virginia continues to go largely unnoticed in the criminological literature and demands greater attention.The Elk River chemical spill, like the water crisis in Flint, Michigan (Zahran et al. 2017), represents an important example of how state crime continues with few interventions or consequences in areas predominantly populated by those
seen as expendable.” (Young, 2018)
